In January 1682, William Culliford, a loyal and experienced officer in the King's customs service, began an extraordinary journey under Treasury orders to investigate the integrity and efficiency of the customs establishments of southwest England and south Wales. This book documents the varied frauds and wide-ranging abuses he uncovered.
Between January 1682 and the spring of 1684 William Culliford, Surveyor of the Customs, completed an extraordinary investigation into the integrity and efficiency of the customs establishments of southwest England and south Wales â"EUR as part of a drive to maximize the Crown's income from customs duties (on which it relied for much of its revenue). His report on each of the ports he inspected, described and analyzed here, revealed widespread smuggling and fraud and a customs service both lacking in efficiency and riddled with corruption. The book also surveys the extent and nature of the maritime trade of the ports visited by this tenacious investigator, in the context of a wealth of statistical data on the customs revenue actually collected at all the main English and Welsh ports in the 1670s and 1680s.
'Stephens uses his great expertise in West Country local history effectively in a book that will be troubling for maritime trade historians, valuable for those concerned with the history of any English port between Swansea and Plymouth in the later Stuart period, and necessary for those studying the history of English governance and the customs service on the eve of Monmouth's rising.' International Journal of Maritime History 'Stephens provides an extremely useful breakdown of the Customs anatomy in the provincial ports... I strongly recommend this book to anyone interested in understanding the huge alternative economy that characterized late seventeenth-century England.' Journal of British Studies 'In reality Stephen's book is much more than a survey of the late seventeenth century customs service, casting valuable light on the nature of south-western merchant and maritime communities, patterns of trade and shipping, together with local politics and religion during the 1680s. As such, it cannot be recommended highly enough.' Southern History 'The story of Culliford's purge in the Westcountry is told in this book in a highly readable and engaging manner. Dr Stephens manages to combine his erudition and considerable scholarship with a lightness of touch and accessibility. It is a beautifully written book. Ashgate titles are, of course, invariably produced to an exceptionally high standard; this book is no exception. It is moreover one of those rare research texts that has genuinely wide appeal.' Transactions of the Devonshire Association '... smuggling deserves to be the subject of 'serious history' after all.' Urban History
