This volume examines the relationship between banks and states, and how the traditional, political bank-state ties have been transformed.
States and banks have traditionally maintained close ties. At various points in time, states have used banks to manage their economies and soak up government debt, while banks enjoyed regulatory forbearance, restricted competition, and implicit or explicit guarantees from their home markets. The political foundations of banks have thus been powerful and enduring, with actors on both sides of the aisle reluctant to sever relations.
The central argument of this book, however, is that in the world's largest integrated market, Europe, the traditional political ties between states and banks have been transformed. Specifically, through a combination of post-communist transition, monetary union, and economic crisis, states in Europe no longer wield preponderant influence over their banks. Banking on Markets explains why we have witnessed the radical denationalization of this politically vital sector, as well as the consequences for economic volatility and policy autonomy. The findings in Europe have implications for other world regions, which, to varying degrees, have also experienced intensified pressure on their traditional models of domestic political control over finance.
Through an investigation of foreign bank behavior in economic crises, the developmental consequences of political control over banks and the emergence of European Banking Union in the Eurozone, the book advances three main findings. First is that foreign bank ownership need not necessarily lead to economic vulnerability of host states. Second is that marketized bank-state ties do, however, limit pathways to catching up in the global economy. And third is that European Banking Union has strengthened the euro's credibility while cutting down substantially on Eurozone member states' economic policy discretion. This book details the intense political struggles that have underpinned all three outcomes.
Banking on Markets brilliantly analyses how the USSR's collapse, European monetary union, and the 2008 global financial crisis have fundamentally transformed bank-state relations in Europe. Through careful argumentation and compelling evidence, Epstein demonstrates that this intensely political process has empowered market actors and made the European banking system more resilient, while at the same time reducing the ability of governments in the poorer European states to use their national banks as development tools to help them catch up with the rest of Europe. Banking on Markets raises challenging questions, provides often unsettling answers, and should be read by everyone concerned with the future of banking and finance in Europe.
