The book explores amazing emerging discoveries and knowledge of the human microbiome, its role in human health, its interaction with the diet, and the application of new research findings into tools and products that improve the nutritional quality of the food supply. Several major overarching themes emerged over the course of the book: ¿ The microbiome is integral to human physiology, health, and disease. ¿ The microbiome is probably the most intimate connection that humans have with their external environment, mostly through diet. ¿ How fiber, the carbohydrates in our diet, broken down by the bacteria in our gut energize the formation of a healthy microbiome. ¿ Dietary interventions intended to have an impact on host health via their impact on the gut bacteria are being developed, and seeing tremendous success. ¿ Successes attained by traditional cultures, Blue Zone communities and famous athletes, eating natural foods for great health, extraordinary fitness and healthy longevity, as guides for modern diets. The book highlights through research studies the far reaching impact of microbiome on gastrointestinal disease and gastrointestinal syndrome, ulcerative colitis, overweight, obesity, diabetics, heart disease, stroke, physical, emotional and mental wellbeing, cancers as well as how prebiotic and probiotic in natural whole foods can help to reverse and prevent diseases. One key universal microbial property is that unlike the human genome, the human microbiome is acquired anew each generation, with vaginally born babies acquiring different microbiomes than cesarean section (C-section) that can provide them strong immune system in life. Surprisingly, new emerging discovery on saliva microbial impact on gut and brain health.