Although oral implants have improved the lives of millions of patients, fundamental information relating implant characteristics and clinical performance is often lacking. More than 1300 implants, produced by different manufacturers, have been identified. It is therefore, important to know whether certain surface modifications or particular materials will improve clinical results and provide the best available treatment. In recent years, the concept of evidence based practice has become popular and the concept implies the integration of the individual experience of a clinician with the best available evidence from systematic research. These different methods for implant surface modification may lead to different and unique surface properties that might affect the host-to-implant response. This book reviews the state of art of development in dental implant surfaces and current trends in surface modifications that aim to accelerate the osseointegration of dental implants. This book also contains an overview of the most popular surface textures, chemical modifications including nano surface design based on nanoscale modification of the implant surface and interface biology of implant.