The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation records the fundamental transformation in Russian criminal law in the post-Soviet era and reflects the accumulated experience of three decades of criminal policy. Since its inception in 1996, the Code has expanded in size substantially. The current version contains the responses of the Russian Federation to its new perception of its place the international community. William E. Butler is the John Edward Fowler Distinguished Professor of Law, Dickinson Law, Pennsylvania State University; Emeritus Professor of Comparative Law in the University of London (University College London); Academician, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, and Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; Associate, International Academy of Comparative Law; member, international courts of commercial arbitration of Kazakhstan, Russian Federation, and Ukraine. He has published widely on Russian law, including the standard work Russian Law and Legal Institutions (3d ed.; 2021). liv, 409 pp.