Anisotropy refers to the property of a material that allows it to alter its properties or take on distinct properties in different directions. The property of anisotropy is observed in single crystals of solid materials such as solid compounds and elements. Anisotropy is utilized to describe circumstances in which properties change systematically depending on the direction. Anisotropic materials can have varying thermal conductivity and light polarization depending on the bonding. Anisotropy information can be visualized, processed and modeled using sophisticated applied mathematical constructs such as tensors and other higher-order descriptors. These mathematical constructs can also be applied to address problems in areas such as medical imaging, physical sciences and engineering. This book brings forth some of the current researches in anisotropy within the field of applied mathematics. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language, and extensive use of examples make it an invaluable source of knowledge.