The consulship was the highest office in the Roman Republic. At the end of their term ex-consuls automatically attained the status of consulares, remained members of the Senate for life, gained prestige and influence in Rome and were therefore expected to play a prominent role in Roman politics and society. Holding the consulship by no means marked the end of a consular's political activities. But what did ex-consuls do from the time they completed their consulship until their death? What was their political career? What was their political role in the Senate? What kinds of public tasks and duties did they perform for the res publica? What function did consulares play in Roman society, and how strong was their leadership capacity? This is the first book in any language on the political role of ex-consuls, who formed the top level of the aristocracy during the Roman Republic.