Servant leadership, rooted in Robert Greenleaf's theory, emphasizes leaders as role models who lead by nurturing and supporting others. This approach is essential in law enforcement, where leaders often face challenging, unpredictable decisions. Traditional autocratic leadership-characterized by strict command and control-is common in police work due to the need for quick decision-making. However, this style can overlook the importance of engaging and developing current employees, which is critical as police agencies struggle with technological advances, recruitment and retention issues, community trust erosion, and low morale.

This research examines servant leadership through ten fundamental principles: listening, empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, commitment to growth, and building community. These traits are explored in police agencies to assess their impact on job performance and satisfaction. Few studies have focused on servant leadership in law enforcement, leaving a gap in understanding its potential benefits. By addressing this gap, the study investigates how servant leadership may improve employee perceptions, positively affecting performance, job satisfaction, and recruitment and retention in policing, which could be critical in addressing the profession's ongoing challenges.