Early detection of diseases is one of the most promising areas of application for artificial intelligence in medicine. AI systems are capable of recognizing complex patterns in image data, laboratory values, genome sequences, and electronic patient records-often earlier and more accurately than is possible with the human eye or traditional statistics. The potential for diagnostics, prevention, and personalized medicine is enormous-as are the challenges in terms of data protection, transparency, clinical validation, and ethical responsibility. This reference book offers a systematic, scientifically sound, and generally understandable introduction to the application of artificial intelligence in early medical diagnosis. It covers the technological fundamentals, presents current fields of application in radiology, neurology, cardiology, and oncology, discusses regulatory frameworks in Europe and worldwide, and highlights key ethical, social, and legal issues. Particular attention is paid to critically weighing up the opportunities and risks: How does AI change medical decision-making? How can quality be assured? And what role do patients play in an increasingly data-driven healthcare system? Bremen University Press has published over 4,800 specialist books in various languages since 2005.